Notes on Psychology

Mary Insinuators Methods Insinuators per plaster casted a longitudinal study in Uganda. She used home visits, naturalistic observations, and interviews with the mothers of the children, using an Interpreter. The babies ranged from 15 weeks to cardinal years old when the study began, and were observed every two weeks for nine months In a natural environment (the family living room). A researcher observes a childs reactions when a mother briefly leaves her child altogether in an unfamiliar room. The way the child be relieve oneselfs during the withdrawal and upon the mothers return trick reveal Important Information about attachment.Four categories of behaviors were assured and observed (1 ) separation worry the unease the infant awarded when left by the caregiver, (2) the infants willingness to explore, (3) stranger anxiety the Infants response to the presence of a stranger, and (4) reunion behavior the way the caregiver was greeted on return The observer noted the behavior dis played and scored the behavior for zeal on a scale of 1 to 7. string the Work of stadium Bowl was one of the most influential theorists In the area of childrens wound up and social development Define adhesion chemical bond is the emotional sting between child and caregiver.It can be observed from around 7 months of age, and manifests itself as separation anxiety in the child when the caregiver is not present. A key element in attachment is parent esthesia refer the 3 Main Theories of Attachment The Strange Situation figure of speech (Insinuators) which showed the diverse categories of attachment. Bellboys Internal Working Model, which showed how early attachment patterns resulted in inner(a) schemas about relationships. perseveration Patterns in Romantic Love (Hazy and Shaver), which showed childhood patterns were repeated In handsome romanticist relationships, and affectionate ND pagan Factors In Attachment (Van lcandor and Greenberg, Malarkey,et al, which showed att achment patterns were constant cross-culturally, however which were most prevalent varied by cultural parenting styles. Describe Insinuators Strange Situation Paradigm An experiment that deliberate the anxiety and behavior between Infant and mother through a combinations of separations and reunions.Also featured in the Strange Situation was the introduction of a stranger, person not kn stimulate to the child, in order to observe the childs reaction Name the 3 Categories of I OFF stressed when mother leaves, seeks contact upon her return. incertain Attachment (type C) infant is distress when mother leaves, quickly seeks contact upon return, but then rejects mother Avoidance Attachment (type A) infant show no distress when mother leaves, avoids contact upon return, and is not afraid of the stranger.Typical of babies of unresponsive mothers. Describe the 4th Attachment Category added by Main and Solomon (1990) In in force(p)/ disorganise/Disoriented Attachment (type D) child shows no reaction to mother leaving or returning. Associated with abused children. Research Evidence for Attachment Theory Insinuators (1969) order of business Project Observed 28 Uganda mothers interacting with their child through naturalistic observations in the home. Measured mothers sensitivity to infants signals and needs, identified as 2 key factors in attachment.If a secure attachment is formed the child will whole tone worthy of love and at ten dollar billtion. This internal warning tends to be reproduced in adult relationships. Explain Bellboys Theory of Attachment History The internal working poseur reflects an individuals experiences about the accessibility of attachment figure, different experiences may explain different attachment patterns, as salubrious as attachment disorders What does the study of mixer and Cultural Factors tell us about Attachment?Cross cultural studies tend to confirm the four attachment categories, but also show different distributions, based on differing cultural practices. Research Evidence for Social and Cultural Differences in Attachment Van Condoner and Greenberg (1988) Looked at 32 studies from 8 countries, covering 2,000 infants. They found, for example, that Japan showed more(prenominal) ambivalent attachment than the West, but no escape attachment. Secure attachment was more common in the West.Explain continuity Attachment Patterns in Romantic Love The theory is that the patterns of attachment form in early childhood and that are translated into schemas via the inner working model repeat themselves in adult romantic relationships Research Evidence for Continuity Attachment Theory Hazy and Shaver (1978) Compared attachments with parents to romantic adult attachments. fictional inner workings model, and then compared self-reported attachment ACH of Insinuators categories were roughly the same.Further, secure lovers describe their relationships as happy, trusting and friendly, Avoidance lovers displayed fear of in timacy, emotional highs and lows, as well as Jealousy. Bivalent attachment characterized romantic love as obsessive, alter with highs and lows, extreme sexual attraction, and Jealousy Evaluation of Hazy and Shaver (1978) support idea that attachment styles could be found in adult romantic love. Some concern that sample was self-selected and disproportionately female. Forced choices may have skewed the data. However, a follow by Hazy and Shaver ten years later replicated the results.Research Evidence for Social and Cultural Differences in Attachment Mistake et al. (1985) Explained attachment differences between US and Japan. Japanese mothers put greater emphasis on close relationships, but urge children to develop their own identity and solve problems with a wider social group. US children are more independent, but rely on adults to solve problems. US shows more avoidance attachment, a consequence of independence, while Japanese children show more secure attachment and are more sens itive to group needs as adults.